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BICYCLE NEW 2 BOLT TWISTED STEM CUSTOM LOWRIDER BIKE    US $38.50

BICYCLE NEW 2 BOLT TWISTED STEM CUSTOM LOWRIDER BIKE    US $32.99

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Ok, This is my field of graduate study so it is hard for me to not spend four hours explaining every detail

The difference in stem cells isn't between adult and embryonic. It is between -potency
Totipotent = can become a blastocyst and every type of cell (very early embryo 3-4 cell divisions)
Pluriopotent = the stem cell that is highly studied, can become any tissue except a blastocyst
Multipotent can become many types of cells but not all and not a blastocyst
Unipotent - can become one type of cell IE skin cells

Adult stem cells where important because of the laws prohibiting the collection of embryonic stem cells. So instead of throwing away the idea of using stem cells (even if just adult) they decided to try and study how adult stem cells work IE skin cells in order to help cure diseases
BUTTTT recently four transcription factors where found that allows us (geneticists) to convert a skin cell (somatic cell) into a stem cell

The new stem cells collected from adult patients are called Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, which react just like a embryonic stem cells without the usage of a embryo

The embryonic stem cell which is in fact a pluripotent cell (which isn't allowed to be collected in the US) can now be collected by way of gene activation with the four transcription factors. Thats right JUST FOUR transcription factors we can collect pluripotent cells from an adult person.

With these induced pluripotent stem cells we can grow and isolate virtually any tissue we want.

Just like in tissue transplant, stem cells can also be rejected

BUT with these induced pluripotent stem cells, you can gather a set of stem cells from a patient that can be grown and used in that same person eliminating rejection

Because the transcription factors to make IPSC was only recently discovered, very little is known about them

One problem revolving around them is that one of the transcription factors is a oncogene (very common cause of cancer) so once induced we can't stop replication and would be virtually implanting a cancerous tissue into a patient. But with these IPSC we can measly study the direct changes between a non cancerous cell directly to a cancerous cell.

Using IPSC muscular dystrophy has been cured in mice as well as Cystic Fibrosis symptoms have been greatly reduced in mice.
Only time before we see these implications in humans.

the four transcription factors are hOct4 hSox2, Hklf4 abd hc-myc